BIOTECHNOLOGY

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Brief About BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products.

·        Blue biotechnology is a term that has been used to describe the marine and aquatic applications of biotechnology, but its use is relatively rare.

·        Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. An example would be the selection and domestication of plants via micro-propagation. Another example is the designing of transgenic plants to grow under specific environments in the presence (or absence) of chemicals. One hope is that green biotechnology might produce more environmentally friendly solutions than traditional industrial agriculture. An example of this is the engineering of a plant to express a pesticide, thereby ending the need of external application of pesticides. An example of this would be BT corn. Whether or not green biotechnology products such as this are ultimately more environmentally friendly is a topic of considerable debate.

·        Red biotechnology is applied to medical processes. Some examples are the designing of organisms to produce antibiotics, and the engineering of genetic cures through genetic manipulation.

·        White biotechnology, also known as industrial biotechnology, is biotechnology applied to industrial processes. An example is the designing of an organism to produce a useful chemical. Another example is the using of enzymes as industrial catalysts to either produce valuable chemicals or destroy hazardous/polluting chemicals. White biotechnology tends to consume less in resources than traditional processes used to produce industrial goods.

Applications of Bio-materials in Biotechnology

• Biotechnology of bio-materials is use of metals and chemicals as Bio-materials and bio-soft-materials (bio-nano-composites) like Hydroxyapatite, Zirconia, Alumina.
• It is used in the dental implants, in turn the production of Hydroxyapatite from garden snail shell (Helix Aspersa) is also an amazing application of biotechnology.
• Titanium in a process, induces osteoblastic bone marrow stem cells differentiation.
• Silicone dispersions in the manufacture of murine ventricular inflating for the langendorff heart grounding.
• Use of Glycine betaine as an effective compatible solute is which maintains fluidity of membranes and protects the biological structure of the organisms.
• Under stress is another criteria of biotechnological application. A more recent and promising exploitation of membrane Trans-glutaminase is related to the production of the so-called “Bioplastics” both biodegradable and edible.
• Development of certain technologies like Response Surface Method (RSM) has made easier optimization of lipase mediated catalytic activity.
• Extraction parameters for Anthocyanin from Solanum melongena.
• It also made easier for the Mycoprotein production from Fauna like Fusarium venenatum ATCC 20334.
• In spite of all these application of Bio-materials there were novel methods being developed for the voidance of microbial adhesion.